OZONE EFFECTS ON Specific BACTERIA, VIRUSES AND MOLDS

Bacteria are microscopically small, single-cell creatures having a primitive structure.  The bacteria body is sealed by a relatively solid-cell membrane.  Ozone interferes with the metabolism of bacterium-cells, most likely through inhibiting and blocking the operation of the enzymatic control system. A sufficient amount of ozone breaks through the cell membrane, and this leads to the destruction of the bacteria.
Viruses are small, independent particles, built of crystals and macromolecules, Unlike bacteria, they multiply only within the host cell. They transform protein of the host cell into proteins of their own. Ozone destroys viruses by diffusing through the protein coat into the nucleic acid core, resulting in damage of the viral RNA.  At higher concentrations, ozone destroys the capsid, or exterior protein shell by oxidation so DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), or RNA (ribonucleic acid) structures of the microorganism are affected.
1-mg/l = 1-PPM

Highlighted areas represent estimated bacteria kill concentrations in water based on Chemetrics testing results for HW03.

Pathogen	Dosage
Aspergillus Niger (Black Mount)	Destroyed by 1.5 to 2 mg/I
Bacillus Bacteria	Destroyed by 0.2 m/I within 30 seconds
Bacillus Anthracis (causes anthrax in sheep, cattle and pigs.  Also a human pathogen)	Ozone susceptible
Bacillus cereus	99% destruction after 5-min at 0.12 mg/l in water
B. cereus (spores)	99% destruction after 5-min at 2.3 mg/l in water
Bacillus subtilis	90% reduction at 0.10-PPM for 33 minutes
Bacteriophage f2	99.99% destruction at 0.41 mg/l for 10-seconds in water
Botrytis cinerea	3.8 mg/l for 2 minutes
Candida Bacteria	Ozone susceptible
Clavibacter michiganense	99.99% destruction at 1.1 mg/l for 5 minutes
Cladosporium	90% reduction at 0.10-PPM for 12.1 minutes
Clostridium Bacteria	Ozone susceptible
Clostridium Botulinum Spores. Its toxin paralyses the central nerve system, being a poison multiplying in food and meals.	0.4 to 0.5 mg/l threshold value
Coxsackie Virus A9	95% destruction at 0.035 mg/l for 10-seconds in water
Coxsackie Virus B5	99.99% destruction at 0.4 mg/l for 2.5-minutes in sludge effluent
Diphtheria Pathogen	Destroyed by 1.5 to 2 mg/l
Eberth Bacillus (Typhus abdomanalis).  Spreads typically by aqueous infection and causes typhoid.	Destroyed by 1.5 to 2 mg/l
Echo Virus 29: The virus most sensitive to ozone.	After a contact time of 1 minute at 1 mg/l of ozone, 99.999% killed.
Enteric virus	95% destruction at 4.1 mg/l for 29 minutes in raw wastewater
Escherichia Coli Bacteria (from feces)	Destroyed by 0.2 mg/l within 30 seconds in air
E-coli (in clean water)	99.99% destruction at 0.25 mg/l for 1.6 minutes
E-coli (in wastewater)	99.9% destruction at 2.2 mg/l for 19 minutes
Encephalomyocarditis Virus	Destroyed to zero level in less than 30 seconds with 0.1 to 0.8 mg/l.
Endamoebic Cysts Bacteria	Ozone susceptible
Enterovirus Virus	Destroyed to zero level in less than 30 seconds with 0.1 to 0.8 mg/l.
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici	1.1 mg/l for 10 minutes
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonogea	99.99 % destruction at 1.1 mg/l for 20 minutes
GDVII Virus	Destroyed to zero level in less than 30 seconds with 0.1 to 0.8 mg/l.
Hepatitis A virus	99.5% reduction at 0.25 mg/l for 2-seconds in a phosphate buffer
Herpes Virus	Destroyed to zero level in less than 30 seconds wit 0.1 to 0.8 mg/l.
Influenza Virus	0.4 to 0.5 mg/l threshold value
Klebs-Loffler Bacillus	Destroyed by 1.5 to 2 mg/l
Legionella pneumophila	99.99% destruction at 0.32 mg/l for 20 minutes in distilled water
Luminescent Basidiomycetes (species having no melanin pigment).	Destroyed in 10 minutes at 100-PPM
Mucor piriformis	3.8 mg/l for 2 minutes
Mycobacterium avium	99.9% with a CT value of 0.17 in water (scientifically reviewed document)
Mycobacterium foruitum	90% destruction at 0.25 mg/l for 1.6 minutes in water
Penicillium Bacteria	Ozone susceptible
Phytophthora parasitica	3.8 mg/l for 2 minutes
Poliomyelitis Virus	99.99% kill with 0.3 to 0.4 mg/l in 3-4 minutes
Poliovirus type 1	99.5% destruction at 0.25 mg/l for 1.6 minutes in water
Proteus Bacteria	Very susceptible
Pseudomonas Bacteria	Very susceptible
Rhabdovirus virus	Destroyed to zero level in less than 30 seconds with 0.1 to 0.8 mg/l
Salmonella Bacteria	Very susceptible
Salmonella typhimurium	99.99% destruction at 0.25 mg/l for 1.67 minutes in water
Schistosoma Bacteria	Very susceptible
Staph epidermidis	90% reduction at 0.1-ppm for 1.7 min
Staphylococci	Destroyed by 1.5 to 2.0 mg/l
Stomatitis Virus	Destroyed to zero level in less than 30 seconds with 0.1 to 0.8 mg/l
Streptococcus Bacteria	Destroyed by 0.2 mg/l within 30 seconds
Verticillium dahliae	99.99 % destruction at 1.1 mg/l for 20 minutes
Vesicular Virus	Destroyed to zero level in less than 30 seconds with 0.1 to 0.8 mg/l
Virbrio Cholera Bacteria	Very susceptible
Vicia Faba progeny	Ozone causes chromosome aberration and its effect is twice that observed by the action of X-rays